Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment (OMT) is emerging as a promising non-pharmacologic approach for managing migraine headaches. Here's a summary of what current research and clinical practice suggest:
What is OMT?
OMT involves hands-on techniques used by osteopathic physicians (D.O.s) to diagnose, treat, and prevent illness or injury. For migraines, it typically includes:
- Myofascial release
- Cranial manipulation
- Soft tissue techniques
- Muscle energy techniques These methods aim to relieve muscle tension, improve circulation, and restore balance in the neuromusculoskeletal system.
Effectiveness for Migraines
Recent studies suggest OMT may:
- Reduce migraine frequency and intensity
- Improve quality of life
- Lower disability scores
A 2023 feasibility study using a standardized OMT protocol (five 1-minute myofascial release movements over 3–5 sessions) showed:
- Significant improvements in Headache Impact Test (HIT-6) and Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) scores
- High patient satisfaction (4.7/5)
- Medium to large effect sizes in symptom reduction
Another study from NYITCOM used a rodent model to simulate human migraine symptoms and found that OMT led to positive biomarker changes, suggesting potential for human benefit.
Common Techniques Used
According to clinical sources, OMT for migraines often includes:
- Myofascial Release: Gentle pressure to release muscle tension in the head, neck, and shoulders.
- Suboccipital Decompression: Targeting the base of the skull to relieve pressure on cranial nerves.
- Cervical Spine Mobilization: Improving alignment and mobility in the neck.
- Cranial Osteopathy: Subtle manipulations of the skull to balance cerebrospinal fluid flow.
Considerations
- OMT should be performed by a licensed D.O. trained in these techniques.
- It's generally safe but may not be suitable for everyone (e.g., those with certain spinal conditions).
- It’s best used as part of a comprehensive migraine management plan, possibly alongside lifestyle changes and other therapies.